传动轴是用于将发动机的动力传递给所需装置，传动轴的设计直接影响到传动系统的稳定性与传递效率。舰船类传动系统对纵向振动性能有着严格的要求。例如潜艇的动力轴系为潜艇提供推进力，在此工作过程中，轴系纵向所受的外激振力产生纵向振动，对潜艇的隐蔽性和动力性能造成极大的影响。

目前对轴系纵向振动的研究较多的是采用轴承减振器或者对传动轴系采用主动控制手段，能产生较好的减振效果，但是仍然存在鲁棒性和可靠性的问题。并且由于外加了激励设备抵消振动，造成设备质量增加，制造与维护成本增大。

本文将传动轴本身作为研究对象，利用被动控制方式，旨在解决传动轴的纵向振动问题。碳纤维复合材料（Carbon fiber reinforced plastic, CFRP）由于其具有轻质、高强的特点，是减振设计的优选材料。本文主要针对轴系的纵向振动衰减这一目标，从传动轴本身的结构出发，利用被动控制的方式，结合CFRP的材料特点与周期结构的带隙特性，基于布拉格原理设计了一种新的CFRP周期结构传动轴，并搭建了轴系的振动测试平台，对CFRP周期结构传动轴与非周期结构传动轴的模态性能与纵向振动进行试验研究。具体内容如下：

（1）建立CFRP周期结构的带隙计算模型。基于复合材料层合板理论，计算复合材料层合板的等效刚度与等效模量；基于叠加原理计算了各向同性材料的单凸缘结构等效刚度模型；结合复合材料层合板的等效刚度、等效模量和各向同性材料周期结构单凸缘等效刚度模型，研究了复合材料周期结构的结构刚度模型。最后利用集中质量法计算出的结构刚度模型得到了复合材料周期结构的带隙计算模型。

（2）设计并制造了CFRP周期结构传动轴。本文基于布拉格带隙原理，设计了一种全新结构的CFRP周期结构传动轴，并针对传动轴的承载情况进行了选材、铺层以及结构设计。然后针对CFRP周期结构传动轴的变截面特点开展其工艺方案研究，形成了以金属外模、石膏加金属混合式内模、整体结构共固化模压成型的工艺方案。制造了具有周期结构特征的CFRP周期结构传动轴试验件，并制造了等扭转强度与安装尺寸的CFRP非周期结构传动轴作为对比。

（3）建立了CFRP周期结构传动轴的有限元模型，并利用该有限元模型研究了铺层角度和周期数目对CFRP周期结构传动轴的模态性能与纵向振动性能的影响规律。使用有限元仿真软件，对所设计的CFRP周期结构传动轴进行网格划分、材料设置与约束关系设置。设计五种不同铺层的方案研究铺层角度对CFRP传动轴的模态性能与纵向振动特性的影响规律；设计不同周期数目研究周期数目对CFRP传动轴纵向振动的影响规律。

（4）搭建了CFRP周期结构传动轴试验平台，进行模态试验与纵向振动试验，验证了有限元模型的准确性。使用B&K振动测试设备搭建了测试用的试验台，对了两种CFRP传动轴的模态性能与纵向振动特性进行研究。通过模态试验得到了两种CFRP传动轴的固有频率与振型，振型与仿真结果一致，固有频率与仿真误差均在10%以内。通过纵向扫频激励对两种传动轴进行纵向振动分析，得到了CFRP周期结构传动轴带隙在1074Hz到1167Hz，并且带隙内的振动衰减达到50dB以上。

本文将周期结构的带隙特性引入到传动轴的设计之中，完成了CFRP周期结构传动轴的设计与制造。并通过理论和试验的方式验证了其纵向减振效果，为传动轴的纵向减振设计提供了新的思路与方法。

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