随着能源危机和环境问题的日益突出，世界各国积极投入对新型可再生能源的开发和利用，我国力争2030年前实现“碳达峰”、2060年前实现“碳中和”，因此，作为新能源及环保低碳的锂离子电池产业得到迅猛发展。然而锂电池安全性能成为制约其推广应用的关键因素之一，特别是锂离子电池热失控难以抑制的特性使其对防控技术提出了更高的要求。因此，亟待寻求针对锂离子电池热失控的高效阻断技术，尽可能降低其造成的损害。本文从18650型磷酸铁锂电池单体热失控、电池组热失控传播及电池浸泡特性出发，研究细水雾对热失控电池的抑制效果和细水雾作为抑制剂是否存在不良副作用。

通过开展加热诱导单体电池热失控实验，发现SOC（State of Charge）是影响电池热失控和着火行为的重要内在因素。100%SOC 的电池具有最大的危险性，SOC 越大，电池热失控触发点对应温度越低，从安全阀开启到热失控触发点的间隔时间越短，电池表面温度、温升速率峰值和质量损失率越高，热失控期间产烟或喷射火现象越明显。

基于电池组热热失控传播和着火行为特性研究，揭示了不同排列和有无手动点火因素对电池组中热失控传播的影响。方型排列电池组模组内热失控传播速度显著高于行排列电池组，外部火焰通过热辐射和对流加热自身和临近电池，加速模组内热失控传播。

通过开展细水雾抑制单体电池热失控和电池组热失控传播实验，明晰细水雾对电池的冷却机制和针对热失控不同阶段适宜的细水雾抑制条件。细水雾与高温表面接触迅速蒸发吸热，冷却电池上部分，电池中下部分主要通过轴向传热和部分液滴流经电池侧表面吸热的方式得到冷却，因此细水雾对电池轴向方向的冷却具有时序性。在本研究，在电池安全阀开启和到达热失控触发点之间任意节点，释放喷雾强度为7.5L min^-1m^-2，工作压力为2Mpa，持续时间为30s的细水雾就能完全阻止该电池进入热失控。若当电池表面温度温升速率到达2℃/s时释放细水雾，其无法阻止电池热失控，但会显著降低电池热失控期间温升速率和最大表面温度，缓解热失控电池的热危害。对于行排列电池组而言，与单电池同样的抑制条件就能完全消除热失控传播隐患。但对于方型排列电池组而言，在第一个电池出现异常到进入完全热失控之间，与单电池同样抑制条件可以完全抑制热失控传播，但若第二个电池进入完全热失控，此时需要将释放时间延长到70s，若第三个电池进入完全热失控，长达90s的细水雾释放时间也不能有效阻止热失控传播。因此，针对方型电池组提出间歇冷却策略，该策略不仅能降低电池表面温度回升值，还能延长电池的低温持续时间，从而使细水雾的整体冷却效果更好。

通过开展电池组浸泡实验，研究细水雾作为抑制剂是否存在不良副作用。电池组浸泡过程中与水形成电解池，放电电解水，电解现象与放电量主要受电池组电压的影响。从电池组总放电量和电压数据来看，电池组没有出现大规模放电和明显的外部短路和现象。从100次循环测试、小倍率放电测试和混合动力脉冲能力特性（Hybrid Pulse Power Characteristic；HPPC）测试数据来看，电池与新电池无明显差异，但长时间的浸泡可能会造成安全阀被腐蚀，导致其结构强度下降。

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